If you wish to combine your call for medicine with your strong interest in research, you may elect to pursue both an MD (or DO) and a PhD. Combined MD/DO-PhD programs offer intensive training in the biomedical sciences and are designed for those interested in joining academic faculties in varied and often multiple capacities as researchers, clinicians and educators.
In 1964 the National Institutes of Health created the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) to support physicians/investigators who could bring scientific discovery from the bench to the bedside. Through the MSTP, you can receive both graduate and clinical training leading to the MD and PhD degrees, while receiving full funding for tuition and expenses, plus a yearly stipend. MSTP positions are extremely selective and are restricted to U.S. citizens or permanent residents. More information concerning the Medical Scientist Training Program.
The current average time to complete an MD/PhD is about seven years, but students may take longer to graduate depending on the outcomes of their research and other specific circumstances. The typical program of study includes the first two years of the basic medical sciences curriculum, followed by three or more years of graduate school with rotations in various research laboratories, a thesis research, and then the final two years of clinical clerkships and electives. However, different permutations of this schedule exist. Although each program is unique, many schools follow this 2/3+/2 pattern. Given the specificity of requirements and application modalities for each program, you are strongly encouraged to contact the program directors of the MD/PhD offices directly.
See list of Summer Programs for Pre-MD-PhD students
See complete list of MD/PhD Programs by state
See list of Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) Institutions
Admission officers look for maturity, dedication to research, and evidence that one has thought through their motivation for pursuing this path. GPA is important (usually at least 3.5 for consideration) but more than anything, as an applicant, you need to be able to demonstrate a passion for research. The total average MCAT of admitted applicants is typically around 33-34 depending on the program. All programs require the MCAT, while many schools suggest the GRE as well.
Prior research experience is essential, at least two years of it, often with a leading role on a self-directed long-term project. Research publications--especially where one is the first or second author--are very helpful but not as essential as a sound research record. For the MD portion of your candidacy, clinical experience, volunteer work, community service, athletic and artistic talents will also be closely evaluated.
Advisor Tip: If you have a strong interest in research, but are not ready to commit to a full-blown PhD degree, you may want to consider 5-year MD/MS Research Track programs at schools like Baylor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Collegeof Medicine of CWRU, University of Pittsburgh, Georgetown, Yale, Stanford, UT Southwestern, etc.
Helpful Resources:
- MDPhDs.org is designed to help inform prospective physician-scientists about the field, the profession, and the application process.
- This is comprehensive site about MD-PhD Dual Degree Training by the AAMC.
- A podcast on MD/PhD (Is it right for you?) training, careers, and program application, sponsored by the NIH Office of Intramural Training & Education
- List of DO/PhD Programs in the AACOM College Information Book